Safety Study or safety engineering is an engineering discipline which assures that engineered systems provide acceptable levels of safety. It is strongly related to industrial engineering/systems engineering, and the subset system safety engineering. Safety engineering assures that a life-critical system behaves as needed, even when components fail. Analysis techniques can be split into two categories: qualitative and quantitative methods. Both approaches share the goal of finding causal dependencies between a hazard on system level and failures of individual components. Qualitative approaches focus on the question “What must go wrong, such that a system hazard may occur?”, while quantitative methods aim at providing estimations about probabilities, rates and/or severity of consequences. The complexity of the technical systems such as Improvements of Design and Materials, Planned Inspections, Fool-proof design, and Backup Redundancy decreases risk and increases the cost.
The risk can be decreased to ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) or ALAPA (as low as practically achievable) levels. Traditionally, safety analysis techniques rely solely on skill and expertise of the safety engineer. In the last decade model-based approaches have become prominent. In contrast to traditional methods, model-based techniques try to derive relationships between causes and consequences from some sort of model of the system. Safety engineering and reliability engineering share a lot of practically speaking, yet security isn’t dependability. In the event that a clinical gadget fizzles, it ought to bomb securely; different choices will be accessible to the specialist. On the off chance that the motor on a solitary motor airplane comes up short, there is no reinforcement. Electrical force networks are intended for both wellbeing and dependability; phone frameworks are intended for unwavering quality, which turns into a security issue when crisis calls are set.
Probabilistic danger evaluation has made a cozy connection among wellbeing and unwavering quality. Part dependability, by and large characterized regarding segment disappointment rate, and outer occasion likelihood are both utilized in quantitative wellbeing evaluation techniques like FTA. Related probabilistic techniques are utilized to decide framework Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF), framework accessibility, or likelihood of mission achievement or disappointment. Unwavering quality investigation has a more extensive degree than wellbeing examination, in that non-basic disappointments are thought of. Then again, higher disappointment rates are viewed as worthy for non-basic frameworks. Security for the most part can’t be accomplished through segment dependability alone. Calamitous disappointment probabilities of 10−9 each hour compare to the disappointment paces of extremely basic segments like resistors or capacitors. An unpredictable framework containing hundreds or thousands of parts could possibly accomplish a MTBF of 10,000 to 100,000 hours, which means it would fall flat at 10−4 or 10−5 each hour. In the event that a framework disappointment is cataclysmic, generally the solitary commonsense approach to accomplish 10−9 each hour disappointment rate is through repetition.
While adding gear is unreasonable (normally on account of cost), at that point the most affordable type of configuration is frequently “intrinsically safeguard”. That is, change the framework plan so its disappointment modes are not cataclysmic. Natural safeguards are regular in clinical gear, traffic and rail route signals, correspondences hardware, and security hardware. The commonplace methodology is to mastermind the framework so normal single disappointments cause the system to close down in a protected manner (for thermal energy stations, this is named a latently protected plan, albeit more than conventional disappointments are covered). Then again, if the framework contains a risk source like a battery or rotor, at that point it could be feasible to eliminate the peril from the framework so its disappointment modes can’t be calamitous.
EAST Indonesia provided safety study services in width range of scope, we realize that cross knowledge from one or some safety study activities might can be apply proporsional to get most better of quality result.
EAST indonesia can help you to support safety study services as representative in Engineering work of project owner or contractor with scope of services:
A. Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) Study
Hazard and Operability Study, also known as HAZOP analysis, is a standard technique used in the preparation of security establishment in new systems or modifications to potential hazards or problems. Operate them by identifying and evaluating hazards in planned or existing processes and operating in the most effective, economical and timely manner when all relevant considerations and constraints are taken into account. HAZOP can be used simultaneously in the hazard identification process and also on a continuous operating system.
The objectives of this HAZOP are:
- Identify the risks associated with operating and maintaining the system.
- Identify potential operability issues and causes of operational interruptions as well as possible deviations in the product leading to product non-conformities
B. Hazard Identification (HAZID) Study
Danger contemplates completed late in the plan stage, like Hazard and Operability Studies (HAZOP), frequently recognize security and natural issues that can cause project delays or expensive plan changes. In this way, numerous customers require a HAZID concentrate during early plan so that perils can be maintained a strategic distance from or diminished. HAZID considers are methodical basic assessments of offices to recognize any likely perils and the noteworthy impacts on the office all in all. A HAZID will regularly address both cycle and non-measure risks.
The objectives of this HAZID are:
- Major HSE dangers are uncovered at a beginning phase in the undertaking and before tremendous expenses have been caused
- Perils are recorded and actioned with the goal that they can be maintained a strategic distance from, relieved or featured for additional danger decrease measures during definite plan
- Activity reactions are auditable by the board and administrative inspectorates
C. Quantative Risk Assessment(QRA)
is a formal and methodical danger investigation way to deal with measuring the dangers related with the activity of a designing interaction. A QRA is a fundamental device to help the comprehension of openness of hazard to workers, the climate, organization resources and its standing. A QRA additionally assists with settling on financially savvy choices and deals with the dangers for the whole resource lifecycle.
The objectives of this QRA are:
- To recognize hazards associated with a facility
- To decide the likely frequencies and results of the recognized hazards
- To decide the framework accessibility of the security frameworks
- To measure the dangers related with an office (for example Hazard Contours, Individual Risk Per Annum (IRPA), Potential Loss of Life (PLL) and F-N Plots)
D. Fire & Explosion Risk Analysis (FERA)
The impacts of unplanned blasts and flames can be obliterating as far as ecological and property harm, debilitated business congruity, wounds, or even death toll. Businesses that frequently work with combustible solids, gases, tidies, and fluids need to comprehend and make preparations for these expected perils to lessen the danger of flames and blasts. Fire and blast danger evaluation is the way toward directing peril appraisals and guaranteeing all start, oxygen, and fuel sources are recognized at or neighboring the proposed work site or modern interaction.
The objectives of this FERA are:
- To recognize and quantitatively assess all tenable fire and blast occasions related with combustible inventories that could affect the offices.
- To give contribution to choices identifying with the plan of frameworks and gear, Layout of fundamental zones and hardware, Requirement to boundaries.
- To give reasonable proposals on the plan and activity of the offices that would achieve a decrease in fire hazards.
E. Escape, Evacuation and Rescue Analysis (EERA)
In case of crisis circumstances, proficient departure, clearing and salvage will be imperative to evade wounds and fatalities. Our mastery and history traverses different areas including the oil and gas industry, sea , seaward wind-and transportation industry (for example burrows) just as structures.
The objectives of this EERA are:
- Escape to safe areas will be possible prior to being exposed to accidental loads (e.g. heat, smoke, toxic atmospheres).
- Timely evacuation from the analysed object will be possible in a controlled manner before critical exposure of safe areas and/or evacuation means occurs
- Rescue and treatment of persons not being able to evacuate will be possible
- Rescue treatment facilities will be available for injured persons following evacuation.
F. Process Safety Management (PSM)
PSM can be characterized as an administration framework executed by the organization through a proactive methodology in recognizing, giving arrangement and control of the risks, everything being equal, or cycles as a push to ensure the working environment. This cycle can allude to the OSHA 3132 and 3133 guidelines which likewise center around anticipation, planning, relief, reaction and recuperation endeavors that should be completed. So the expectation is, there will be significant choices that lead to genuine episodes, surprising occasions outside the ability to control of laborers to guarantee that all dangers have been recognized and controlled in each interaction.
There are 14 elements that must be done in the application of Process Safety Management, including:
- Employee Participation
- Process Safety Information
- Process Hazards Analysis
- Operating Procedures
- Training
- Contractor’s obligation
- Pre-startup safety review
- Mecahnical Integrity
- Hot Work Permit
- Management of Change
- Incident Investigation
- Emergency Planning and Response
- Compliance Audit
- Trade Secret
The objectives of this PSM are:
- Aiding an association or organization carry out measure security the board viably dependent on the 14 fundamental components dependent on OSHA 29 CFR 1910.119.
- Assist convey with trip measure security data in each interaction for constant improvement
In Overall, Safety Study Services can be customize and have width of range coverage are depend on site plan drawing & layout.
Others sample of safety study services can be provide by EAST indonesia such as:
- Failure modes and effects analysis
- Electrical Safety Assesment
- Fault tree analysis
- Acoustic Induced Vibration Study
- Flare Radiation
- Dispersion Analysis – Dense Gas; Hot Plume Exhaust; Vents
